Dinosaur Family Values: The Real Monsters in Jurassic Park :: essays papers

Dinosaur Family Values The Real Monsters in Jurassic ParkThe striking moral exhibited in this story, is the fatal consequence of that supposition which attempts to penetrate, beyond prescribed depths, into the mysteries of nature. Playbill for the first stage production of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein(1826) In a recent PBS special about the possibility of cloning dinosaurs a la Jurassic Park, Steven Speilberg reveals that he felt his film version of Michael Crichtons novel had been a success because Theres such a reality to it.Later, star of the scientists interviewed during the show admits that the root of resurrecting dinosaurs is so imaginatively compelling because e very paleontologist wants to see the real thing.In fact, throughout the PBS documentary the criteria used to evaluate all realistic schemes for cloning dinosaurs is always framed as a question How real would the resulting dinosaurs be?The most scientifically credible method discussed would involve injecting dinosa ur DNA into birdie eggs with the hope that several generations later the birds would become dinosaur like.Yet every genius of the scientists interviewed evidences a clear lack of en henceiasm toward this method because, as one of the paleontologists puts it, of course, it wouldnt be a real dinosaur.Meaning, we can only conclude, that only a dinosaur born of dinosaur parents can be a real dinosaur.The program ends with two quotes, one from the novels author, Michael Crichton, and the other from actor Jeff Goldblum, who plays scientist Ian Malcolm in the film.First Crichton informs us that Jurassic Park is, above and beyond all else, a cautionary tale about the hazards of genetic design and secondly, Goldblum ends the program by expanding on Crichtons warning and advising us that we are better off marveling at the past rather than tampering with the future. The PBS program very tidily echoes and summarizes the central ideology of both the Jurassic Park films (Jurassic Park and The Lost World), which seems to me to be an obsession with the difference between inseparable and abnormal do practices, and how natural breeding results in and from traditional parenting, and unnatural breeding results in and from non-traditional and therefore unsound or inpure or, to put it as simply as possible, unnatural parenting. In other words, I beieve both of these films make basically the same argument that there is a difference between natural and unnatural parents, and thus natural and unnatural families.The metaphor the films use as a cinematic stand-in for this quite conservative take on parenting is science, or rather natural vs unnatural science.

tragoed Metamorphosis of the Tragedy in Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desir

Metamorphosis of the disaster in Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire Under the Elms cataclysm is considered by many to be the greatest of the genres. Often something goes wrong and exposes something great. Characters generally have more depth as evidenced by Hamlet. Tragedy shows up in the great periods of history Classical Greece, Renaissance, and the early 20th century. It is a far more complex genre than comedy or romance. It teaches people to find since the storylines never have a simple answer or resolution. We see this in Desire Under the Elms. Family relationships and inheritances are complicated and even when Abbie kills the baby, Eben decides to join her in her guilty plea when he is clearly not a participant in the murder. Unlike comedy, there is less(prenominal) spectacle onstage. Iokaste hangs herself offstage, King Hamlets murder is only reenacted simply not seen directly, and the audience doesnt see Abbie murder her baby. This forces or allows the audience me mbers to use their imaginations to envision these crucial scenes, adding a layer of complexity to the play. Hamlet we are reminded of extremity by the line, Theres a divinity that shapes our ends. Then in Desire, Cabot consistently looked to God for direction. These situations dont allow us to remain passive and simply be entertained when we estimate tragedy. We must grapple with the tough issues of life. Plot is considered significant in tragedy for many reasons. . Plot examines the limits of human greatness. It is the most examined area in the study of literature probably because it is unique to humans. It can be both edifying for an audience and, at the same time, allow for a catharsis. Plot allows characters to play out their fate. Freud believe... ...e less class conscious, the need for high status of one man disappears. In Desire the hero(es) were farmers. Another way that tragedy has evolved is through more comedy organism added to the tragedy. Oedipus has n o real comic scenes. Hamlet had a few, but Desire had evidence of comedy sprinkled throughout by way of the brothers, the dance, food and drink, and animal references. Tragedy also had evolved to the point of having more romance. Again romance was missing from Oedipus, we saw a bit more in Hamlet between Claudius and Gertrude and Hamlet and Ophelia. only if then in the modern tragedy romance is at the center of the play, albeit an uncomfortable, complicated romance. Some example in the play Desire include the versed advances, the kiss and walk away together, the reuniting at the end, stage directions that describe the physical appearance.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Good afternoon. Today I have been asked to speak about graduation past, present and future. My first graduation occurred when I washed-up kindergarten. This is often where we learn the most basic of principles. This is what I learned Share everything. Play fair. Dont hit people. Put things back where you found them. Dont take things that are non yours. Say youre sorry when you hurt somebody. Wash your hands before you eat. Dont forget to flush. Warm cookies and cold milk are good for you. Live a equilibrate life. Learn some and think some, and draw, paint, sing, dance, play and work a little bit everyday. Take a nap in the afternoon. When you go out into the world, break for traffic, hold hands and stick together. Be aware of the wonder of Gods creation. Everything you need to know is in there somewhere. The golden rule and love, and basic sanitation, ecology, and politics and sensible living. Think of what a better world it would be if we all decided to take a nap at 300 every afternoon and hence laid down with our bl...

Problems in Air Traffic Control and Proposed Solutions Essay -- Aviati

Problems in Air Traffic Control and Proposed Solutions In Yankee California this summer, the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) ignorantly performed its first operational test of free flightaviation without direct air traffic control. This was an unintentionalexperiment because it was a result of a total shut-d sustain of the Oakland Air RouteTraffic Control Center (ARTCC).Although Oakland is only the 16th busiest ARTCC, its responsible forthe largest block of air space of any ATC facility 18 million square miles.Oakland directs all upper-level flight from San Luis Obispo, California to theCalifornia/Oregon boarder, including most Pacific oceanic routes. The bankruptcyhappened at 713 a.m. local time during the morning departure push.Controllers estimated there were 60-80 aircraft under their control when thepower died. All radar screens went no-count and all radios went silent. It took 45minutes to restore radios and bring up a backup radar system. It was more thanan hour b efore the main radar presentations came on line. One controller described the sudden quiet in the control suite as theloudest silence Ive ever heard (UPI , 1995). He went on to produce there waspanic on everybodys face as they realized they had been rendered deaf, dumb,and blind by this catastrophic equipment failure. It took a few minutes forcontrollers to realize the shut-down had affected the finished facility. There wasno book procedure to cover this emergency scenario, so most controllersimprovised. Controllers in adjourning Los Angeles, Salt Lake, and Seattle ARTCCs andvarious Terminal Radar Approach Controls (TRACON the level of radar coveragebelow upper-level ARTCC radar) were asked to take control over all airspacewithin their radar coverage, and divert aircraft under their control inward toNorthern California. Control towers in San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose,Sacramento, and other airports in the area were instructed to hold all IFRdepartures on the ground. The most difficult problem was getting notification tothe mobile flight crews. In one case, controller Mike Seko said, We had Napatower telling high altitude aircraft Oakland Center had lost everything, and toswitch to emergency frequencies (Seko, UPI, 1995). hardly most airborne aircrafton Oakland Center frequencies were in a state of l... ...ly privatize it, another torework it from within, and a few other variations of those. Legislators havetheir own reasons to support certain bills is our safety one of them? The Federal Times editorial sums up an everyday controllers concern.Hes the one operative with that aged computer equipment, hes the one working theunnecessarily long shifts, hes the one scared every day his screen will go darkduring the morning rush hour. I would be be to listen very closely to hisconcerns and follow his recommendations towards a solution. The FAAs Quality statement declares the agency as an organizationdedicated to eliminating barriers, improving communication, providingadditional opportunities for training, and constantly load-bearing(a) all personnelto seek ways to improve. The FAA is proud of its Quality activities becausethey foster such initiatives as continuous improvement of work processes,empowerment of employees, partnering of tire out and management, and re-engineering. (World Wide Web FAA Home-page, 1995) These are very lofty goalsthat always require improvement. But will disaster strike before their processesgets us a new ATC system?

Japanese Internment :: Japan War History Essays

Japanese Internment The Virtual Museum Of The city Of San Francisco has established a great source for those interested in studying the internment of Japanese during dry land War II. This topic is reflected very accurately and fairly in the archives of the museum because the archives consist of primary documents. Their archives of original newspaper articles are the land of this research document. The content listed on the museums web site is very relevant to the topic of Japanese internment because it provides a wealth of primary documents including opinions of medium people writing to their newspaper to express a wide variety of viewpoints on the subject of Japanese internment during the Second World War. One read/write head stands above all others and the virtual museum gives a good first-hand account of events to answer it - what happened to the Japanese and why were they forced to move? To answer this question, the archives of the Virtual Museum Of The City Of San Francisco should be consulted.On February 14, 1942 Lt. General J. L. DeWitt, commanding general of the Fourth Army and the Western Defense Commandi recommended to the War Department, the evacuationii of Japanese living along the Pacific coast, deemed a Military Zone. Ab off 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry, many of those people American citizens, living on the West Coast and Southern Arizona were removed from their homes to locations of the regimens choosing. The very term evacuation is misleading to say the least because it suggests that the Japanese were being relocated to protect their safety. The excuses cited by the military were to establish all-encompassing civil control, anti-sabotage, and counter-espionage measures.iii The reasons given to justify evacuation suggested that the Japanese were a threat to the nation and not the nation a threat to the Japanese.Drawing a dichotomy, the unify States Government tried to put a human face on the forced evacuations by claiming America w as protecting the Japanese by moving them out of a war zone. The government would claim it was helping the Japanese by relocating the Japanese to a zone of safety outside the military zone. Statements from the government would refute each other throughout this period of time. For instance, Japanese-Americans were termed enemy aliens, while at the same time, they were encouraged to be good citizens and loyal Americans by enlisting in the war effort, relocating voluntarily, offering no resistance and no questioning of the relocation efforts and activities.

South Korea Essay -- Essays Papers

South KoreaHistoryKoreas original name, Choson, Meant land of the morning calm. The countrys history has been influence by frequent invasions from its neighbors. Korean history is divided into three main periods the silla (668-935), Koryo (935-1392), and Yi (1392-1910) dynasties. The name Korea is derived from the middle dynasty of Koryo. Foreign influence-direct and indirect-occurred throughout these dynasties. All of Koreas foreign overlords-Mongolian, Chinese, and Japanese instituted a closed-door policy in order to solidify their rule. This isolation earned Korea the name of the Hermit kingdom.In 1910, Japan annexed Korea and enforced ruthless control, outlawing Korean culture and language. Despite resistance, several generations grew up more familiar with Japanese than with Korean customs. At the Yalta Conference at the end of World War II, the fall in States and the Soviet Union jointly established temporary administrative trusteeship over Korea until democratic elec tions could be held. Japanese forces south of the thirty-eighth parallel surrendered to the coupled States and forces in the north surrendered to the U.S.S.R. The Soviets blocked attempts to hold nationwide elections, and the deuce sides became deadlocked. When authorities in the north ignored a joined nations resolution for supervised elections in 1948, a pro-Western government was established in the south (the republic of Korea). Later the Soviet Union established the Democratic Peopless republic of Korea in the north. In June 1949, U.S. troops withdrew. One year later, North Korean forces invaded South Korea. A United Nations-backed coalition of sixteen member nations sent assistance to South Korea. The resulting state of war lasted three years and ended in a stalemate. On July 27, 1953, an armistice agreement was signed and a military Armistice Commission with five members for for each 1 side was set up to supervise the implementation of the armistice. Since nei ther the United States nor South Korea ever signed the agreement (although they respect the terms as members of the United Nations), a state of war is formally still in effect. The Society and Its EnvironmentFew societies have changed as rapidly or as dramatically since the end of World War II as that of South Korea. When the war ended in 1945, the great majority of the people living in the southerly ... ...d government noteage continuity traditionally was, and to a great extent remains, a supremely important principle. This reflects Menciuss view that of all possible unfilial acts, to deprive ones parents of posterity is the worst. Historically, the Korean family has been patrilineal. The most important concern for the family group was producing a male heir to carry on the family line and to perform root word rituals in the household and at the family gravesite. The offset son customarily assumed leadership of the family after his fathers death and inherited his fathers h ouse and a greater portion of land than his younger brothers. Traditionally, the purpose of marriage was to produce a male heir to carry on the family line and not to provide mutual companionship and support for husband and wife. Marriages were arranged. A go-between or matchmaker, usually a middle-aged woman, carried on the negotiations between the two families involved who, because of a very strict law of exogamy, sometimes did not know each other and often lived in different communities. The bride and groom met for the first time at the marriage ceremony, a practice that ended in the cities by the 1930s.

South Korea Essay -- Essays Papers

South KoreaHistoryKoreas original name, Choson, Meant land of the morning calm. The countrys annals has been shaped by frequent invasions from its neighbors. Korean history is divided into three main periods the silla (668-935), Koryo (935-1392), and Yi (1392-1910) dynasties. The name Korea is derived from the middle dynasty of Koryo. Foreign influence-direct and indirect-occurred throughout these dynasties. All of Koreas foreign overlords-Mongolian, Chinese, and Japanese instituted a closed-door policy in order to solidify their rule. This isolation earned Korea the name of the Hermit kingdom.In 1910, Japan annexed Korea and enforced ruthless control, outlawing Korean culture and language. Despite resistance, several generations grew up more familiar with Japanese than with Korean customs. At the Yalta Conference at the end of World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union jointly launch temporary administrative trusteeship over Korea until democratic elections coul d be held. Japanese forces south of the thirty-eighth parallel surrendered to the United States and forces in the north surrendered to the U.S.S.R. The Soviets blocked attempts to implement nationwide elections, and the two sides became deadlocked. When authorities in the north ignored a United nations resolution for handled elections in 1948, a pro-Western government was established in the south (the republic of Korea). Later the Soviet Union established the Democratic Peopless republic of Korea in the north. In June 1949, U.S. troops withdrew. One year later, atomic number 7 Korean forces invaded South Korea. A United Nations-backed coalition of sixteen member nations sent assistance to South Korea. The resulting war lasted three years and ended in a stalemate. On July 27, 1953, an armistice agreement was signed and a military Armistice Commission with five members for each side was set up to supervise the implementation of the armistice. Since neither the United S tates nor South Korea ever signed the agreement (although they respect the terms as members of the United Nations), a state of war is formally still in effect. The Society and Its EnvironmentFew societies have changed as rapidly or as dramatically since the end of World War II as that of South Korea. When the war ended in 1945, the great majority of the people living in the southern ... ...d lineage continuity traditionally was, and to a great extent remains, a supremely important principle. This reflects Menciuss view that of all possible unfilial acts, to deprive ones parents of posterity is the worst. Historically, the Korean family has been patrilineal. The most important concern for the family group was producing a male heir to carry on the family line and to perform ancestor rituals in the household and at the family gravesite. The freshman son customarily assumed leadership of the family after his fathers death and inherited his fathers house and a greater member of land than his younger brothers. Traditionally, the purpose of marriage was to produce a male heir to carry on the family line and not to provide mutual knowledge and support for husband and wife. Marriages were arranged. A go-between or matchmaker, usually a middle-aged woman, carried on the negotiations between the two families involved who, because of a very harsh law of exogamy, sometimes did not know each other and often lived in different communities. The bride and groom met for the first time at the marriage ceremony, a practice that ended in the cities by the 1930s.

Methods of Personnel Development Essay

1. IntroductionSuccessful personnel outgrowth is necessary to attend and formation to ingest a competitive jar against in the market. A well trained and competent workforce and religious service and makeup cut a competitive edge in the market which the competing establishments may find hard to replicate the long run. Efficient methods of personnel development atomic number 18 necessary for the success of the establishment.Personnel prevail engender an all- pregnant(prenominal) concern for all managers in all industry. This has been promoted by the problems which have been experienced in hiring of personnel who throw out meet the required standards to spargon the needed services. The current strategic human resource solicitude has recognized employees as the nearly important asset that an face has. In this regard it has draw of paramount important for organization to carry out effective staff development programs which ar apparent to meet the required work standard s. on that point has been add-on for the organization to carry out effective individual formulation programs which exiting meet the demands of their customers. When most organization have been emphasizing for the downsizing of their employee, it has become important for them to discipline that it effective culture programs which depart ensure there is overall growth. (Consulting, 2000)For an organization to ensure that there is effective growth of its workforce, employee fostering and development has become a priority rather than an option. There are many organizations which have been carrying out planning programs just now which have not resulted to the required results. Training and development is usually an integral and an expensive part of the human resource department and therefore there should be all efforts aimed at ensuring that there is overall success of the exercise.Effective cooking and development programs are necessary in state to ensure that there is overa ll growth of the worker. The most important factor that back end religious service the organization to carryout effective personnel development is to understand the goals of the organization and therefore work to achieve these goals. The organization goal will take to heart the organization to come up with effective design and implementation of the organization. Efficient personnel development program are therefore necessary to ensure that the organization cuts a competitive edge in the market. (Jenning, 1996)2. Success factors for gentilityThere are important factors in the overall development sour that must be interpreted into consideration to have effective personnel development. The most important factor that the organizations need to realise in the design and implementation of personnel development is the delegating and vision of the organization. This will help the management to become committed to the overall process of personnel development in the most streamlined way . The company should overly evaluate the relative risk of exposure which is presented by the compliance requirement and therefore use this as an effective way of prioritizing the needs for planning training. The management will also involve the key line representatives in order to design and implement train interventions. This means that training should be viewed as a way of helping the organization to remain competitive and not as a necessary evil. The management should also be apply away of the accent of the training activities and the role that the activities are intended to achieve and help the organization to achieve in its overall objectives. (Bowie and Jordan, 2001)There are important characteristic which are used to identify a successful training program. The following are the common characteristics of a successful training in an organization There should be a clear understating of the goals of the organization and the needs of all the line managers for training and devel opment. This means that the training programs will be based on these key strategies which are likely to support the goal of the organization There should be involvement of the key line personnel in the selection, design and the scheduling of training. The style for delivering the training program must focus on the grownup learning concepts including the relevant content of the course. The training activities should be seen as an integral part of the overall training place for the organization and not an individual or a unrivaled time event that will come and go. There should be a laid-back accountability for the result which will justify the purpose for training. There should be effective evaluation, measurement and a well organization reporting of the results of training. There should be frequent communication between the organization management and the person who are overseeing training program. This will ensure that there is overall support for the training programs and the en forcement of the training values.3. In house vs. Third party trainingThere are two broad methods which are used to deliver training programs. These include the in-house training and the third party training program. The organization is likely to choose the most efficient method that will ensure that there is delivery of the most efficient training program. In-house training will involve when an organization uses the instructor who are a part of the organization. This employs will also be trained as they move with their work which means there will less loss of time and the productivity for the organization will not be affected. so far this method is likely to result to low employee expectation from the training program since they are likely to learn what they have been practicing. (Rouda and Kusy, 2005)The third party training take place when and organization brings in an extern expert. External experts are likely to come with new experience for the organization which will reinforc e the development of the workforce. Under this method the organization can also decide to take its staff for an external training program which will take place outside the organization. This method is likely to be more effective since the staff will be expecting to learn new things from what they have been practicing in the organization.In the course of training there are contrastive ways that can be used by the organization to source for training real(a)s. The organization can develop its own materials in the organization which will be in-house material development. The organizations can also source for material outside through purchase or leasing. When the organization hires third party to come and training the staff, the conditions for hiring can also be that the third party will be expected to come with training materials.In order to select the best crew for the trainer and the program, the organization should be important consideration including the experience, time for deve lopment of the program, resources available, the money available for the program and the cost of the options, the expected quality, the training needs for the organization and the credibility of the method that will be used.4. architectural plan designThe program design describes the way the overall training program will be planned. Program design consist of important aspect of the training including the conduction of the needs analysis for the company, the prioritizing o the need in the training place, definition of the course objectives to tinct the training needs, and the selection of the training formats that will be used in the training program.a) Need analysisA need analysis is carried out in order to identify the area in which the organization needs to carry out training. The need analysis is the first step in determine the tout ensemble training program. The need analysis should be carried out comprehensively in order to understand the specific area under in which the tr aining will emphasize. Usually a need analysis will come up with a long list of needs that the organization will have to view at. In need analyses there are three types of data that the trainer will have to collect. The pre-training doings will give the knowledge that the trainees have. The post training behaviour will give the expectation from the training that the organization wants to achieve through training. The workplace reinforcement and constraints will give the factors for the job which can help or hinder the trainees in applying what they will have learned. (Jenning, 1996)b) Course objectivesThis should identify the specific objectives that the training will achieve. Identification of the course objective is likely to increase the effectiveness of training and evaluation of needs assessment. Basically three types of course objectives will have to be looked at. These include the planning objectives, the process objectives and the learning objectives. This will help in th e formatting of the training.c) Training formatThere are different formats that can be used to deliver training. The best format that an organization can choose is the one which will create a setting an environment which is most conducive to learn. The format has to be flexible. There are positive and informal training formatsInformal training format will include format like one on one tutoring which can be sprout consuming but very effective, use groups, discussion groups and newsletters. On the other hand formal training formats include formats like classroom training like lectures or demonstration, video or audio, computer based trailing, satellite training, teleconferencing, use of simulations, use of manuals, and on job training. The formal training methods have become most common used in organisational training since they are more effective and have been supported by the emerging technologies. (Consulting, 2000)d) Program deliveryThis is the most important part in the trai ning process. The way the training will be delivered is important in determining how it will be effective to achieve the goals of the training. oral communication of training should be based on principle of adult learning since most of the employees who undergo training are adults. There sold a prove adults-instructions practices rather than the traditional classroom delivery method which is likely to compromise the quality of training.e) E-learningWith the increased use of technology in the world, e-learning is also rising to be an important factor in the training programs. E-learning involves the process of delivering learning through the use of person computer. It is widely used in education institution but it is also fining it place in the employee training programs.In employee training e-learning has been providing an effective time saving method of learning as compared to other methods. It is also light-headed to carry training from any part of the world can therefore can be used when an organisation choose third party training. However it is expensive since al the employees will need to have a computer.5. How adults learnAccording to the learning theories, it has been shown that adults learn different from how children learn. Unlike children, adults are likely to relate what they hear to their experience and the knowledge they have gathered over time. Adults are also good listeners and will digest what they are listen. This means that when training adults, one need to have all the facts to their fingers and ensure that they are correct as challenge can arise at any one time. (Consulting, 2000)According to the adult learning theories there are important factor that have to be considered when teaching them. First it should be unders in like mannerd that adults are less interested in the overview, they are more interested in what they are learning. They need to be given examples which can help them to relate what they are learning with their real exper ience. Since they are more critical on what is delivery any information that is likely to contradict what they know should be delivered slowly and in an efficient manner. The training should assist them to make connections with what they already know. The pace of training should also be suited for their mind. Fast training may prove difficult for them while a too slow training is boring. The training should avoid trial and error ventures and should reinforce the learnt concept in their real life example. (Jenning, 1996)a) Designing training experience for adultsThere are important principal that the trainers must consider when planning adult learning. The structure of the workshop should take to consideration that adult learns usual need almost feedback which is likely to mark their progress in training. The usually learn best when their own experience is integrated in the learning process. They should be given probability to ask questions and interact to share experience. The ad ult learners are responsible for their learning and they prefer to share with one another in the process. This interaction must be given a chance. Adults are likely to learn in an environment where there is mutual trust and respect for one another. Adults learners must be trigger off din order to feel the need to learn. This earns that they have to be shown the important of undergoing the training and how it is going to affect their job performance.b) Classroom instructionIn order to ensure that there is effectiveness of the training process, there are important characters and method that should be incorporated in the training. some of the most important factors in training include the inclusion of discussion breaks time which agreed with all the participants, ensure that the participants are comfortable, state clearly the objectives of the training, make a preparation of the material to be used before the class being so that you can evaluate them, use training aids and establish rapports in the course of training, ensure that you dont interrupt the participate when they are contributing, be yourself and more flexible in the course of the training, answer all the question asked and provide unceasing feedbacks to the participants.c) Documenting available training coursesIn order to keep up with the course of the training resources, it is important to keep written records as they have been learnt. This will help the learners to remind themselves of what they have learned in the course of the training. This is also important as it will help the learners to understand what they have been learning and therefore keep up with the course of the training. It also helps the management to see the courses that are available.d) Measuring and evaluating training effectivenessThere had to be an effective way of evaluating the learning process in order to understand the effectiveness of the learning process. This is very critical since it will determine whether the organiz ation is really meeting its objectives or not. It will help the organisation to understand the important steps that are being made in the course of the training.There are many methods of evaluation that is used in the course of the training. The most effective evaluation methods that are used include the use of smile sheet which is one of the five point evaluation which enquiries almost the quality of the instructor and others, there is also the pre-test or post techs which is used to measure the increased in knowledge for the learners. The presets will establish a baseline while the post test will confirm any improvement that is being made which can be directly attributed to the learning process.An observation can also be carried out on the specific performance of each individual including the trainer and the supervisor. This will detect any changes in the work behaviour which can be directly attributed to the learning process. Work performance can also e used as a method of eval uation. In this bailiwick work performance will look at the specific job tasks and performance indicators. These indicators are usually well defined and measured before and later on training.

Marketing Glitz

Individual Assignment Glitzz Case Study 1. What factors influence the pricing closes for a harvest-festival such(prenominal) as Glitzz? Analyze the factors and comment on the err of charges that can be set for Glitzz. The factors that influence the pricing decisions for Glitzz are the pricing objectives, make ups, and demand. The pricing objectives leave be needed to direct the role of the price in the market. Higher prices pass on need to be set if the objective is to have high profit brim instead of higher(prenominal) market parcel out. However, if the objective is to survive in the industry, the prices need to be low to get more sales to meet its operating toll.For the miscue of Glitzz, the pricing objective is between having higher market share and to survive in the industry. Costs play an important role in the pricing decision as it set the minimum price for the produce in order for the company to operate and cover their cost to prevent losses. There are phoebe bird cost concepts, namely the fixed cost, variable cost, unit variable cost and marginal cost and total cost. Fixed cost is the shopping mall of expense of the profligate that is stable and do not change with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold. The fixed cost for Glitzz would be the machineries, rent of factory building, and insurance.The variable cost is the sum of expenses of that firm that vary directly with the quantity of the product that is produced and sold. The variable cost for Glitzz would be direct labour and raw material used to produce the nursing bottle of jewelry cleaner. Total cost is the total expense incurred by the firm in the process of producing and marketing the product. Unit variable cost is the variable cost expressed on per unit basis and the marginal cost is the change in the total cost that results from producing and marketing one additional unit of product.Demand is excessively one of the important factors for pricing decision as it helps to relate the quantity sold with the price. Demand is dependent on the key factors, consumer taste, consumer income and the price and availability of homogeneous products. They look into the consumers willingness and their ability to pay for the product. As stated in the case study, actually few consumers are willing to pay a price which is higher than $20. Hence, the consumers willingness to pay and affordability for the product needs to be lesser than $20. In the case of Glitzz, the type of competitory market is monopolistic competition.There are similar products in the market but Glitzz will be competing with the non price factor which is their special miscellanyula for the cleaner with natural ingredient that is gentle on skin. This is to stand out from their competitors care the Brilliant Restorer and Connoisseurs by charging at a slightly different price as compared to its competitors. Therefore, the price has to be set at an affordable range around $12 to $20 in or der to manage long run profit and develop a quality product to penetrate the competitive market.This price should not be lower than the cost and its competitors due to its unique non price factor that their competitors did not offer. 2. What price would you press for Glitzz? Why? I would recommend Glizz to set their price at $17. 90. Most of its competitors like the Brilliant Restorer and Connoisseurs are riding horse their prices ranging from $6. 97 to $16. 90. As Glitzz is a newly packaged product that is entering the monopolistic competitive market, it has to be competition oriented.With the pricing objective to gain market share, they are not able to gain market share by having price war. Hence, the price has to be set in a way that it does not deviate much from its competitors. Furthermore, the price is also priced odd-even as conjecture shown that the demand increases when the price drop. Thus, pricing at $17. 90, it seems to indicate that the price has dropped from $18. Th is can help as way to increase their demand by having customers to kick parachute their first purchase of Glitzz product in order for Glitzz to pave its place in the market.However, the price is set slightly above the competitors as a form of prestige pricing to attract quality customers as Glitzz is offering a product of quality with the natural ingredient used for its jewelry cleaning event that is gentle on skin, non-corrosive and nonabrasive. A product that brings positive benefits to the customers should not set its price at a very low rate as it will devalue the product and lost credibility for the benefits that the product has promised. In addition, the price should not be over $ 20 as research has been conducted to show that very few customers are willing to pay above $20 for the product. . What Strategy would you propose for Glitzz? What costs and expenses would be involved? Given your recommended price in (2), what would be the breakeven point? I would recommend Glitzz t o use Flexible-price policy together with demand and competition oriented approaches like prestige, odd-even and above-market pricing. Both the demand and competition oriented approaches focalisation on consumer demand, revenue implication and the markets performance and this helps Glitzz to stay competitive and in operation.Moreover, with flexible pricing policy, Glitzz is able to use price discrimination by setting different prices for different type of customers. The price can be set at a discount for business to business customers like Lee Hwa. Glitzzs product will be frequently used by jelwelry shops like Lee Hwa as Lee Hwas products are the jewelries. The jewelries have to be kept clean and glassed to attract consumers attention and desire to purchase their jewelries. Hence, Gltizzs product will come in handy to facilitate the jewelry shops sales as it aids in the cleaning and polishing of the jewelries.Hence, being the main stream of customers for Glitzz with their high usa ge and quantity purchased, Glitzz can lower their price and gives discounts to these jewelry shops. On the other hand, the price will be higher for the passel market as compared to the jewelry shops due to the lower usage and quantity purchased. The consumers in the mass market will purchased the jewelry cleaning product less frequently as they do not have the need to maintain their jewelry at its best given everyday and the product is commonly used especially during special occasion like New year or parties.Hence, Glizz is able to set at higher price for the mass market at departmental stores like Robinsons. In addition, setting a higher price could also allow Glitzz to earn a smaller amount of profit when there are seasonal discounts for their product in the departmental stores. The cost and expense involved were the consultation cost ($5000), cost of the content and packaging (20000 x $5= $ 100 000) and budget for advertising ($ 1-2 million).The budget for advertising will some what made up the majority of the cost as these activities are important for the long-term future of the products by developing brand awareness and preference. The activities will include advertising cost on mass media, promotions and marketing cost that are incurred. Assuming that budget for advertising is $1million, Fixed Cost= $5000+$1000000=$1005000 Unit Variable cost = $5 Recommended Unit set in Question 2 = $17. 90 Break-even point (BEP) = Fixed Cost/ (Unit Price- Unit variable cost) = 77906. 9767 = 77907 Quantity (round up to nearest whole number)

International Memo Report Essay

The purpose of this memo is provide an understanding of the Tongans and the culture and values that they carry. The reason why this study is necessary is because forrader meeting any of the Tongan, there is a need to ensure that you too follow the same values and beliefs as them and do not offend them in any manner. Following are some of the major topics under discussion such as the clothes you should wear, the gestures and the attitude you should maintain and many more.Appropriate cut backAccording to research, the Tongans wear their traditional dress e very where, be it to work and at formal occasions. In order to understand the Tongan dress, the following infusion has been taken Tongan people are still wearing traditional dress. Tongan men wear a tupenu, a cloth skirt-like that goes around their waist, and it goes below their knees. It is worn to work and on formal occasions. (Internet, 19991)Social CustomsThe Tonga residents believe that family is of utmost priority. Even tho ugh the young people would be noticed handicraft their older people by their first name, the love and the care that they have incorporated into their culture is the essence of Tonga. Tongans are known to celebrate and get unitedly with their family when they here any kind of news. This is the culture that they hold and this is the kind of culture that should also be held in any coversation. Till the Tongans do not touch like they are with a family, they will not feel comfortable and may not cooperate as required.EatingThe eating habits of the Tongan residents is very simple, however, the way they prepare their food is a little different. They are interested in eating meat, vegetables and fruits however, they cook pork on big occasions only. They normally cook their food is a large underground oven that they make on their own and they have their own techniques of serving food in banana or other kinds of leaves.Gestures and AttitudesThe most common way of greeting a Tongan is by ei ther shaking the hands or by providing a literal greeting. In the native language of Tonga, Malo e lelei means hello and this is this greeting is usually provided with a shake hand. What you must ensure is that Tongans believe in solid unwelcome guests. This means that they have a custom to drop by anyones house and expect to be treated with hospitality.

Ethnography of Starbucks

For my descriptive anthropology project, I decided to keep an eye on the Starbucks on Rockside Road in Independence, Ohio. My plan was to observe the subculture of Starbucks customers. A subculture is defined as a structured social inequality or, more specifically, systematic inequalities between groups of people that arise as intended or unintended consequences of social processes and relationships. My question was twofold. Does Starbucks appeal to certain social conditiones? And if so, does Starbucks serve as some other example of social inequality?The city of Independence has approximately 7,000 residents. The City is a hub for business, the majority of which are in general based on Rockside Road. There are a variety of businesses, many of which involve law firms, medical offices, and accounting firms. These busy professionals are just the type of clientele that I observed patronize Starbucks. The Starbucks on Rockside Road is located in a mid-size strip mall. The mall itse lf is very clean and has ample parking. Starbucks is flanked by other restaurants including Heidis, Zoup, Chipotle, Winking Lizard, Quiznos, and Thai Gourmet.All of the surrounding restaurants also cater to functional professionals who have limited time available for food in their hectic days. The strip mall also contains non-food businesses that complete the full-service atmosphere. The additional stores include a bear-sized Kinkos, Verizon Wireless, AT&T, a second printing shop, and a nail salon. The Starbucks is located right next to Kinkos. It announces its presence with a hulky, tripod chalkboard that subtly invites passersby to reminisce of childhood. Indeed, the chalkboard notices offer some form of comfort in an otherwise hectic life.I first walked past the chalkboard on October 30th, a crisp Saturday in Northern Ohio. The chalkboard sign confirmed that it was in fact fall. The sign was decorated with orange and brown ribbons and offers of Toffee Mocha or a autumn pumpki n Spiced Latte along with a homemade glazed donut. As I pushed open the glass door, with the immediately recognizable green and white Starbucks logo, I was met with a warm breeze. The scent of chocolate and coffee beans filled the store. The sound of Wilco and grinding coffee beans invaded my ears. The store was about 500 sq. ft. in size.It contained a long, iniquity green counter behind which had two smiling twenty-something baristas who were ready and waiting to take my rear. Several Espresso machines were situated along the counter. There was also a large vaunting case which contained what appeared to be delicious donuts, cookies, and various pastries. The store also offered Ethos water which informs potential purchasers that a portion of the money goes to ensure clean crapulence water in less fortunate countries. Patrons could also purchase organic non-coffee drinks, coffee mugs, ground Starbucks coffee, and iTunes music downloads.The store had an interior designed for comfo rt. Sixteen woody tables filed the area. The floor was a deep cherry faux wood. There were multiple pictures on the walls, some of which depicted the different countries that Starbucks gets its coffee. The store was decorated for fall. Two sequenced pumpkins sit down on the counterone at the register and one at the pickup station. The pumpkins matched the pumpkin chalk on the outside display. The color orange was splash around the store. There were already other patrons when I arrived. One table was occupied by a twenty-something male, typing a focus on his Macintosh laptop.A young couple occupied another table. The remainder of the store contained a scattered group of males and females, all with laptops, who appeared to be working on some material body of project. I chose a table situated near the middle of the store and began gathering my observations. Over the span of two weekends (the weekends of October 23rd and October 30th) I had an opportunity to observe the type of peop le who purchased the Starbucks logo. On both Fridays I conducted my observations between the hours of 6 and 8pm, and on each Saturday between 11am to 1pm.I found that the majority of the clientele appeared to be middle or upper class individuals. It became apparent that Starbucks appealed to people of a certain socioeconomic status through their thoughtful use of products, language, decor, and location. Socioeconomic status (SES) is defined as an individuals position in a stratified social order, meaning upper middle, or lower class. SES is primarily primed(p) by income. The remainder of this paper will look at the different ways that Starbucks caters to the more privileged.First, Starbucks products are clearly designed for those with a disposable income. Realistically, who would occur almost three dollars for a small cup of coffee when you can get a jumbo coffee for . 99 cents at a bollix up station? One reason could be quality. Starbucks claims to use high-quality whole bean c offee and rats them in a traditionally European style. But the products are not limited to coffee. Starbucks also offered a full array of organic drinks, socially conscious products, outrageously priced coffee mugssome of which are plastic versions that prominently display their logo, and music downloads.There were two available downloads that I observed. One was a parvenue release by a famous artist. The other was a new release by an undisc all overed new group. Similar to the music, my observations revealed that the Starbucks patrons primarily fit into two categories. The first were businessmen and women, who entered in suits with cellphones in hand, and hastily ordered a latte before running out the door. The second were twenty-somethings who ordered a drink and settled in to work on their laptops.These observations rede that primarily busy, preoccupied people only have time to grab a cup of coffee and get back to work, and since Starbucks offers quick quality, its the store o f choice. Second, Starbucks has a language reminiscent of an Italian coffee shop. Instead of small, medium, or large, Starbucks uses tall for small, grande for medium, and venti for large sizes. This variation in language whitethorn indicate that in order to buy Starbucks coffee, you must have a basic knowledge of foreign languages which could reflect ones educational attainment.The change in language may add an air of sophistication to their products as well. Instead of ordering a large coffee, someone could order a venti carmel macchiato. The language barrier at Starbucks may reflect a culture that only certain people with a certain educational level are able to recognize and adjust accordingly. This would chip in to the middle and upper classes which are typically associated with high educational levels and which could indicate a more cultured person. Third, Starbucks uses its decor to appeal to people with a high socioeconomic status.What is Starbucks trying to sell besides coffee? An experience. The atmosphere of Starbucks is warm and enticing. The store uses mainly earth-tone colors to give the customer a sense of comfort. The liberation is dim and sets a mood for relaxation and is reminiscent of a library at night. The lighting is designed to highlight certain products in the same way that an expensive restaurant showcases its food. The decor also contained a worldly feel. The artwork was meant to evoke an exotic getaway. The store was exceptionally clean and the baristas were friendly. through with(predicate) its decor, Starbucks is trying to sell an experience where customers enter a sophisticated yet understated store to purchase products that they would have had to travel the globe to obtain. This experience is indicative of the values and lifestyles usually associated with the middle and upper class education and travel. Fourth, Starbucks chooses its store locations as a means of attracting a certain type of clientele. According to David Fir estone, director or genuinely estate for Starbucks, there are two ground rules the company uses when deciding on locations one, always open near an upscale nchor, two, theres no such thing as too many coffee franchises if pedestrian levels are high enough.Through Starbucks. com website store locator, the search for Starbucks in downtown Cleveland showed over twenty locations in the area, while a search in the less-affluent East Cleveland area found no store locations. This stratified market may suggest that Starbucks chooses locations in areas that would predominantly draw customers from middle and upper classes. Also, for more technology savvy customers, Starbucks designed an iPhone app that avigates the nearest Starbucks for any destination the customer is at, around the world. Through a combination of selective store placement and easy access, Starbucks makes its stores accessible to some, but not to all. In conclusion Ive found that Starbucks tries to sell its radical of cool to the middle and upper classes through its sleek products, unique language, smooth decor, and specific store locations. Since Starbucks makes a great effort to appeal to people of higher socioeconomic statuses, the subculture of the stores customers follows suit.The subcultures distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns are those associated with high society living, like wealth, education, and privilege. So, it appears that Starbucks serves as yet another chain of social inequality in the world of commercial business through its specific attention to a target audience that consists heavily of wealth, power, and prestige. This ethnography helped me to better understand that certain marketing strategies appeal to certain subcultures, which relay back to specific socioeconomic statuses. And in a world run by money, status is everything.